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Mathematica 使用 Winapi 的一些注意事项

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首先，使用之前别忘记Needs["NETLink\“];和InstallNET[];`

DefineDLLFunction

本函数可以用来定义 DLL 中的函数到 Mathematica 中, 格式如下:

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GetCursorPos = 
 DefineDLLFunction["GetCursorPos", "user32.dll", 
  "BOOL", {"System.Drawing.Point&"}, ReferencedAssemblies -> {"System.Drawing"}]

{} 中为参数类型列表，用字符串表示，引用传值直接加上 out 或 ref 即可，如 {"ref IntPtr"}, 也可以如同上方例子，使用 &; 如果需要用到某些类，又不想 LoadNETAssemble[], 就可以直接使用 ReferencedAssemblies

一些常用 API

鼠标控制

鼠标事件：MouseEvent = DefineDLLFunction["mouse_event", "user32.dll", "int", {"int", "int", "int", "int", "int"}];
第一参数为键，后面4个参数一般直接为0即可。键值如下:

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MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE：表明发生移动。
MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN：表明接按下鼠标左键。
MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP：表明松开鼠标左键。
MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN：表明按下鼠标右键。
MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP：表明松开鼠标右键。
MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEDOWN：表明按下鼠标中键。
MOUSEEVENTF_MIDDLEUP：表明松开鼠标中键。
MOUSEEVENTF_WHEEL：在Windows NT中如果鼠标有一个轮，表明鼠标轮被移动。移动的数量由dwData给出。

获取鼠标位置: SetCursorPos = DefineDLLFunction["SetCursorPos", "user32.dll", "int", {"int", "int"}];

窗口截图相关

用到的 Api 如下：

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GetWindowRect = DefineDLLFunction["GetWindowRect", "user32.dll", "BOOL", {"HWND", "System.Drawing.Rectangle&"}, ReferencedAssemblies->{"System.Drawing"}];
FindWindow=DefineDLLFunction["FindWindow", "user32.dll", "HWND", {"String","String"}];
GetWindowDC=DefineDLLFunction["GetWindowDC", "user32.dll", "IntPtr", {"HWND"}];
CreateCompatibleBitmap=DefineDLLFunction["CreateCompatibleBitmap","gdi32.dll","IntPtr",{"IntPtr","int","int"}];
CreateCompatibleDC=DefineDLLFunction["CreateCompatibleDC","gdi32.dll","IntPtr",{"IntPtr"}];
SelectObject=DefineDLLFunction["SelectObject","gdi32.dll","IntPtr",{"IntPtr","IntPtr"}];
deleteObject=DefineDLLFunction["DeleteObject","gdi32.dll","int",{"IntPtr"}];
deleteDC=DefineDLLFunction["DeleteDC","gdi32.dll","int",{"IntPtr"}];
PrintWindow=DefineDLLFunction["PrintWindow","user32.dll","BOOL",{"IntPtr","IntPtr","UInt32"}];

实际操作过程:

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SnapWindow[name_String:"Minesweeper Clone"]:=Block[
    {handle,hscrdc,bptr,bdc,result},
    handle=FindWindow[Null,name];
    hscrdc=GetWindowDC[handle];
    If[GetWindowRect[handle,rect]==1,,Return["Window Not Found!"];];
    bptr=CreateCompatibleBitmap[hscrdc,rect@Width-rect@X,rect@Height-rect@Y];
    bdc=CreateCompatibleDC[hscrdc];
    SelectObject[bdc,bptr];
    PrintWindow[handle,bdc,0];
    result=Bitmap`FromHbitmap[bptr];
    deleteDC[hscrdc];
    deleteObject[bptr];
    deleteDC[bdc];
    Bitmap2Image@result
]

最后一步，需要将 Bitmap转化为 Mathematica 图片，函数如下:

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    Bitmap2Image[bitmap_]:=Block[{img,width,height,lock,stride,intPtr,totalB,byte,data,},
    	LoadNETType/@{"System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode","System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal"};
    img=result;
    width=img[Width];
    height=img[Height];
    	lock=img[LockBits[Rectangle`FromLTRB[0,0,width,height],ImageLockMode`ReadWrite,img[PixelFormat][Format24bppRgb]]];
    stride=Abs[lock[Stride]];
    intPtr=lock[Scan0];
    totalB=stride*height;
    byte=NETNew["System.Byte[]",totalB];
    Marshal`Copy[intPtr,byte,0,totalB];
    data=NETObjectToExpression[byte];
    Marshal`Copy[byte,0,intPtr,totalB];
    img[UnlockBits[lock]];
    img=Image[Map[Reverse/@Partition[#,3]&,Partition[data,width*3,stride]],"Byte"]
];